For the first time in history, Deep Tunnel, Chicago’s massive system of underground tunnels and reservoirs designed to hold flood water, is almost completely full after a weekend of heavy rain.
Built over more than a half-century, Deep Tunnel sends floodwaters from Chicago and nearby suburbs through more than 100 miles of tunnels into three reservoirs located just outside of the city. It was designed to help protect area rivers as well as Lake Michigan.
The Thornton reservoir in South Holland was at 94% capacity around noon Monday. The McCook reservoir in Bedford Park was 100% full. Between the two, they are holding 11 billion gallons of water.
The Thornton reservoir has never filled up much more than half its capacity and that was at almost 55% in June of 2019. The smaller McCook reservoir has filled up several times this year, most recently on June 26.
The third reservoir, Majewski in Elk Grove Village, is considerably smaller than the other two sites, holding less than 3% of the more than 13 billion gallons in the system.
As a result, 11 suburban communities face river flooding threats. They are Blue Island, Calumet City, Dixmoor, Dolton, Glenwood, Harvey, Lansing, Phoenix, Riverdale, South Holland and Thornton, according to officials.
In Chicago, sewer overflows into the Chicago River took place over the past three days. The city’s sewers are a combined system of stormwater and wastewater, including everything flushed down the toilet.
Soaked
The city’s 311 system received almost 400 complaints about water in basements and nearly 600 reports about flooded streets between Thursday and Monday afternoon. That was far more street flooding complaints received than during a June 12 storm, though fewer basement reports.
According to the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District, which manages the tunnel and reservoir system, the giant holding areas are full after more than 8 inches of rain over the past 30 days. With more than 3 inches of rain in the Chicago area July 3 and 4, the total is almost a month’s rain in two days.
While the Chicago area has seen intense downpours of 8 or more inches of rain over short periods of time in recent years in part due to climate change, the steady rainfall in recent months has created a cumulative effect.
“We have inundated soils and nearly full reservoirs, meaning that the region-wide flood risk is higher, even from rain that is not particularly heavy,” said Illinois State Climatologist Trent Ford.
Experts say that Deep Tunnel isn’t enough to prevent flooding and that more greenspace and new types of water storage need to be developed.
“We need to blanket the region with natural areas,” said Margaret Frisbie, executive director of the advocacy organization Friends of the Chicago River. “This kind of rain is going to keep on coming.”
About a dozen spectators visited the Thornton reservoir on Monday to take a look.
“I’ve never seen anything like this before. I didn’t think this was possible,” said nearby resident Jeff Melone.
Even though it’s been built over more than 50 years, Deep Tunnel is still not complete. An expansion of the McCook reservoir is scheduled to be complete by the end of 2032. It has reached capacity six times this year, which is notable because it only filled up five other times between 2021 and 2025, according to a district official.
Water from the Thornton reservoir will be pumped to the Calumet water treatment plant at 400 E. 130th St., while the McCook reservoir will be pumped to the wastewater plant in Stickney. After water is treated, it is returned to waterways and eventually flows to the Mississippi River and down to the Gulf of Mexico.
Depending on the weather, the reservoirs could remain near capacity. More rain is forecast in the Chicago area Thursday.
Contributing: Tyler Pasciak LaRiviere