Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in the United States and globally.
Glaucoma is primarily caused by damage to the optic nerve, often due to pressure buildup in the eye, though other factors can contribute. Optic nerve damage can lead to vision loss and eventual blindness. The good news is that it’s possible to prevent or slow the progression of vision loss associated with glaucoma. Emerging science shows that nutrition plays a role in protecting vision in these cases.
Certain people are at greater risk of developing glaucoma. This includes those with a family history of glaucoma, the presence of medical conditions including diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease, genetic factors, an age over 60 years and certain ethnicities. Early stages of glaucoma may be asymptomatic, so it’s important to receive regular eye exams for early detection and treatment.
A recent study, published in Cell Reports Medicine, found that when a supplement of vitamins B6, B9, B12 and choline was given to rodents with a slowly progressing form of glaucoma, the damage to the optic nerve stopped, and the disease was slowed in those with a more aggressive form of glaucoma.
A healthy diet focusing on foods rich in antioxidants, vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids plays an important role in managing glaucoma and potentially reducing glaucoma-related risks. Here are four key nutrient considerations for glaucoma:
- Antioxidant-Rich Produce: Prioritize vegetables, especially leafy greens like kale, spinach, broccoli and collard greens, that are high in nitrates and antioxidants like lutein and zeaxanthin. Colorful fruit and berries are also full of antioxidants, which help improve blood flow and regulate intraocular pressure. Additionally, plants that are rich in vitamins A, C and E like carrots, bell peppers, sweet potatoes and citrus help fight oxidative stress, which may protect the optic nerve.
- Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Foods that are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, like wild salmon, tuna, sardines, flaxseeds, and walnuts, may support optic nerve health and reduce inflammation, reducing eye pressure and improving blood flow to the optic nerve.
- Magnesium-Rich Foods: Magnesium from foods like bananas, avocados and pumpkin seeds may improve ocular blood flow and offer neuroprotective effects.
- Dietary Niacin Sources: Foods with niacin (vitamin B3) include fish, poultry, nuts, seeds, and fortified breads and cereals may benefit glaucoma through neuroprotective effects, improved blood flow to the eyes and reduced intraocular pressure.
Additionally, a reduction in sodium, caffeine and saturated fat intake can further help manage glaucoma risk. Plus, other evidence-based lifestyle modifications include incorporating moderate aerobic activities like walking, managing stress, avoiding smoking and wearing eye protection like sunglasses and a hat when outdoors.
Glaucoma often progresses silently, with vision loss becoming noticeable only in advanced stages. Regular comprehensive exams with an eye care professional are crucial for early detection and management.
While medical treatments remain central to glaucoma management, integrating specific nutritional and lifestyle strategies can play a supportive role in prevention and progression. Emphasizing a diet rich that highlights plant foods rich in antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids and other nutrients, coupled with regular exercise and stress reduction, may offer protective benefits for optic nerve health. As research evolves, these holistic approaches continue to gain prominence in the fight against glaucoma.
LeeAnn Weintraub, MPH, RD is a registered dietitian, providing nutrition counseling and consulting to individuals, families and organizations. She can be reached by email at RD@halfacup.com.