Historic polar vortex forecast to freeze two thirds of the US this weekend

People walk next to a snowman near the U.S. Capitol, on the day of a joint session of the Congress to certify Donald Trump's election, as a winter storm that brought snow, ice and freezing temperatures to a broad swath of the U.S. arrived, in Washington, U.S. January 6, 2025. REUTERS/Marko Djurica
A brutal blast of freezing Arctic air is about to barrel across a significant part of mainland United States, sending temperatures crashing to levels rarely ever seen in November. By the weekend, the coldest air of the season will be sweeping into the central and eastern states, dragging a seriously deep freeze as far south as Florida. Some areas could see temperatures plunge by up to 30°F below normal, with the chill settling in from Sunday through Tuesday. It’s set to be a serious shock to the system after a pretty mild start to the month. (Picture: REUTERS)
(Picture: wxcharts)
Satellite data already shows what’s on the horizon. Two deep low pressure systems are churning over the Atlantic and Pacific, while an Arctic cold pool builds over Canada. That icy dome will move south by Friday, pulled down by a classic weather pattern that sees warm air locked in the West and freezing air flooding the East. The result will be a textbook temperature split, with record lows for much of the US as the cold digs in and ruins millions of people’s much-awaited weekend plans. (Picture: wxcharts)
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS - FEBRUARY 12: People visit the Cloudgate sculpture as a winter storm passes over the city on February 12, 2025 in Chicago, Illinois. The storm is part of a weather system passing over the central and eastern United States, triggering winter storm warnings in 14 states. (Photo by Scott Olson/Getty Images) *** BESTPIX ***
The first signs of the shift will likely arrive on Friday night, when a strong high pressure block forms over western Canada. This will force a northerly flow to develop, sending cold air surging south into the Midwest and Great Lakes. By Saturday, the chill will be unmistakable and gloves and scarves will need to come out of the closet as a frontal system develops and begins moving east. Behind it, the true Arctic air pours in, turning rain to snow across northern states and setting the stage for an early taste of winter. (Picture: Getty Images)
GFS depiction of shocking "polar vortex" blast invading the Eastern US from Greenland and the Canadian Arctic. Skipping fall and going right to winter on the 10th of November.
By Sunday, the cold will have gripped the heart of the country. From the Dakotas down to Tennessee, temperatures will tumble 20 degrees to 25°F in just 24 hours. Cities like Joplin, Missouri and Atlanta will feel the change sharply, with readings more typical of December. The upper Midwest and Great Lakes will see daytime highs well below freezing too, while the chill keeps spreading south towards the Gulf. (Picture: GFS)
WASHINGTON, DC - JANUARY 6: Karim Marshall pulls his daughter Fallon Marshall through the streets of Manor Park in the nation's capital on January 6, 2025 in Washington, DC. A winter storm slammed into the region shutting down federal offices and schools as Congress is scheduled to certify the 2024 presidential election results on Monday, four years after a mob of supporters of then-President Donald Trump stormed the Capitol to halt the certification of the 2020 election results. (Photo by Tasos Katopodis/Getty Images)
As the system deepens, snow will begin to pile up around the Great Lakes. Cold, dry air blowing over relatively warm lake waters will trigger heavy lake-effect snow, with some areas facing up to two feet of accumulation by Tuesday morning. Chicago could be in for some seriously snowy squalls on Sunday before the heaviest bands shift east. Meteorologists are warning of blizzard-like bursts and even the odd rumble of the dreaded ‘thundersnow’ as the storm peaks. (Picture: Getty Images)
Total snow (Picture: Windy.com)
The cold wave will hit hardest on Monday, when the Arctic air mass reaches its full strength. A powerful high-pressure system over Canada will drive freezing winds deep into the southern states. The Southeast will bear the brunt, with Alabama, Georgia, Tennessee and the Carolinas expected to shiver under temperatures 25 – 35°F below normal. For mid-November, that’s a historic drop likely to rewrite a fair few local records. (Picture: Windy.com)
Pressure, Friday night (Picture: Windy.com)
It’s bad news for commuters and early risers too. Morning lows will be pretty punishing. On Sunday, the Upper Midwest, as well as South and North Dakota could well wake to readings in the teens. While much of the central US sees lows in the 20s. Freezing conditions will push into North Texas, Louisiana and central Alabama. By Monday morning, the cold will have spread from the Midwest right through the Great Lakes, Ohio Valley and even down into northern Florida, where temperatures could dip into the low 30s. (Picture: Windy.com)
(Picture: NOAA)
The sheer contrast in temperatures across the country looks likely to be somewhat dramatic. While the Southeast freezes, the western part of the US will bask in warmth. The split will create an extreme weather map, with deep blue cold anomalies dominating the East and fiery reds across the West. It’s the kind of pattern that meteorologists call a ‘dipole’ – and this one looks to be a pretty good example of the phenomenon. (Picture: NOAA)
A person takes a photo of the frozen Josephine Shaw Lowell Memorial Fountain in Bryant Park on January 8, 2025 in New York City as cold weather hits the Tri-State area. Frigid temperatures across a large US area complicated efforts at restoring power and clearing roads after a major winter storm plowed through the central plains to the Atlantic coast. (Photo by TIMOTHY A. CLARY / AFP) (Photo by TIMOTHY A. CLARY/AFP via Getty Images)
As the winds ease late on Monday, the chill will settle even more deeply. Clear skies overnight will allow heat to escape, sending temperatures plummeting across the Southeast. Florida, in particular, will feel the bite as the last surge of Arctic air pushes through before dawn on Tuesday. The morning lows are expected to be the coldest so far this autumn, with widespread frost and ice stretching across normally warmer states unaccustomed to neither frost nor snow. (Picture: AFP/Getty Images)
SOUTH JERSEY, NJ - JANUARY 06: A view from the streets as heavy snow blankets the several US states in South Jersey, United States on January 06, 2025. A powerful winter storm blanketed Central and Eastern US states with snow and ice early Monday, creating hazardous travel conditions and causing widespread power outages and flight cancellations as it moved toward the East Coast. The National Weather Service issued winter storm warnings from Kansas and Missouri to New Jersey, forecasting snowfall totals unseen in a decade for some areas. (Photo by Lokman Vural Elibol/Anadolu via Getty Images)
By midweek, the cold will finally start to relax, but not before leaving a hefty mark. The early season freeze will have touched nearly every corner of the eastern United States, from up in the Great Lakes, all the way down to the Gulf. With daytime highs struggling to climb above freezing for days – and lake-effect snow burying some towns – the message from the atmosphere is clear: winter has arrived early. And it means business… (Picture: Anadolu via Getty Images)
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