Japan’s ‘queen of polka dots’ Yayoi Kusama dies aged 97

Yayoi Kusama took on the whole art world with a ‘single polka dot’, as she put it (Picture: Getty/ Metro)

Yayoi Kusama, the zany Japanese artist known for her polka-dot-covered pumpkins and mirrored infinity room illusions, has died. She was 97.

The Yayoi Kusama Museum and the Yayoi Kusama Foundation announced her death on Thursday.

She died on August 14 at a Tokyo hospital. The statement did not specify a cause, but Japanese broadcaster NHK reported it was organ failure.

‘Throughout an extraordinary lifetime devoted entirely to artistic creation, Kusama pursued an internationally acclaimed career as a pioneering avant-garde artist whose creative practice encompassed visual art, performance, fiction, and poetry,’ the foundation said.

‘She continued to paint until her final days, never setting aside her brush, and continued exploration of forever love and eternal soul.’

Kusama was born in Matsumoto, northwest of Tokyo, in 1929. Japan was deeply conservative in the post-war era and her insistence on becoming an artist shocked her parents.

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Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama, who will receive a 2006 Praemium Imperiale art award
Kusama left Japan for the US in 1957 (Picture: Sutton Hibbert/Shutterstock)
TOPSHOT - Visitors walk through the installation "Infinity Mirrored Room The Hope of the Polka Dots Buried in Infinity Will Eternally Cover the Universe" during the last day of the exhibition "Yayoi Kusama" by Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama at the Museum Ludwig in Cologne, western Germany, on August 2, 2026. For the Museum Ludwig in Cologne, the Kusama exhibition, that run from March 14 to August 2, 2026, has broken a record with over 470,000 visitors. The Museum Ludwig had organized this major exhibition of the Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama on the occasion of its 50th anniversary. The exhibition took visitors on a journey through Kusama's entire oeuvre with over 300 works, from her first drawings from around 1934 to the present day. Yayoi Kusama was born on March 22, 1929 and is now aged 97. (Photo by Ina FASSBENDER / AFP via Getty Images) / RESTRICTED TO EDITORIAL USE - MANDATORY MENTION OF THE ARTIST UPON PUBLICATION - TO ILLUSTRATE THE EVENT AS SPECIFIED IN THE CAPTION
Infinity Mirrored Room The Hope of the Polka Dots Buried in Infinity Will Eternally Cover the Universe at the Museum Ludwig in Cologne, Germany (Picture: AFP)

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Despite her family’s pleas not to, she trained in Nihonga, literally ‘Japanese paintings’, a style associated with conservative nationalism.

Her work, however, soon became anything but conservative.

If you’ve ever scrolled Instagram, there’s a good chance you’ve seen a work by Kusama, known to many as the ‘polka dot queen’.

Giant yellow pumpkins covered in black spots. Paintings made of nothing but tiny curving lines. Selfies taken in endlessly reflective mirrored rooms filled with equally endless pumpkins.

And, more often than not, you’d have just 45 seconds or so to take that selfie – queues to see her installations often stretched for hours.

This was all part of what Kusama happily called ‘Kusamania’, which reached such highs that countless tourists fly to Naoshima, an island almost entirely devoted to her works, every year.

Her artwork also included phalluses – and a lot of them – sewing thousands of stuffed fabric ones and glueing them to furniture to create installations.

She also painted polka dots on completely nude people as part of anti-Vietnam War happenings throughout New York City in the late 1960s.

After writing poems and books, she admitted herself to the Seiwa mental hospital in Tokyo in 1977, where she stayed until her death.

She said that the comfort and security of the hospital let her breathe for the first time in years, building a small studio nearby.

FILE - The installation of Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama, peering over the Louis Vuitton flagship store is pictured at the Champs Elysees avenue in Paris, Sunday, Jan. 15, 2023. (AP Photo/Michel Euler, File)
Her work became a cultural phenomenon this century (Picture: AP Photo/Michel Euler)
(FILES) Yayoi Kusama's sculpture "Pumpkin" is on display during a press preview for Christie's Fall 20/21 Marquee Week in New York, November 8, 2024. Japanese avant-garde artist Yayoi Kusama, known as the "polka dot queen", has died aged 97, a statement from her company said on August 27, 2026. (Photo by kena betancur / AFP via Getty Images) / RESTRICTED TO EDITORIAL USE - MANDATORY MENTION OF THE ARTIST UPON PUBLICATION - TO ILLUSTRATE THE EVENT AS SPECIFIED IN THE CAPTION / TO GO WITH AFP STORY BY Ana FERNANDEZ: "Magritte, Rucha and... a banana, in a bid to set new records at New York auctions"
She was known for her love of dotted pumpkins (Picture: AFP)

Kusama’s polka dots were splashed in recent years on shopping centre installations, notebooks, clothing, beauty products and cars.

Beyond the likes and product deals was her art. Kusama once described the Earth, the moon and the sun as dots, with humans merely ‘tiny dots in the world’ and her art as a way to unite them.

She was all too aware of how people viewed her dotty paintings and sculptures, even if all they wanted was a selfie.

‘Bring on Picasso, bring on Matisse,’ she wrote in her 2002 autobiography, Infinity Net, referring to her work in the 1950s and 60s.

‘Bring on anybody! I would stand up to them all with a single polka dot.’

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